Monday, January 28, 2008

Lepo










Biljka Mesozder




Dionaea muscipula je najpoznatija biljka mesožderka na svetu.
Nije egzotična biljka, već raste u Sjedinjenim Državama u državi Karolina.
Dionaea raste u močvarnim područjima gdje je prisutnost vode konstanta te zbog nedostatka visoke vegetacije ima uvek jako puno direktnog sunčevog svijetla.
Zimi se temperature spuštaju blizu nule no retko kad se temperatura spušta ispod nule.
Pošto zimi u prirodi nema onoliko insekata koliko ih ima tokom leta Dionaea zimi usporava svoj rast te uglavnom proizvodi listove koji rastu uz tlo. Brzina kojom se klopka zatvara u slučaju podražaja je jako spora te biljka zahteva manje vode tokom hladnog perioda.
Dionaea muscipula privlači pažnju zbog svog specifičnog lista koji se nakon podražaja zatvara munjevitom brzinom. Njen list se sastoji od dva dela: prvi, izduženi deo i klopka sa sitnim dlačicama koje su osetljive na podražaj.
Unutrasnja strana klopke se leti boji u crveno kako bi privukla pažnju insekata. Na obodu klopke koja završava izduženim trepavicama muholovka izlučuje sočni nektar koji je zajedno sa bojom jednostavno neodoljiv insektima. U letnom razdoblju listovi se uzdižu desetak centimetara iz središnjeg dela biljke.
U proleće muholovka cveta.
Stabiljka cveta uzdiže se i do 40 centimetara od biljke te na taj način omogućuje insektu da na sigurnoj udaljenosti opraši cvet.
Klopka se ne zatvara u potpunosti nakon prvog podražaja već nakon drugog.
Često se uzgajivaci mesožderki šale na račun muholovke nazivajući je najpametnijom biljkom na svijetu jer zna da broji do dva. Objašnjenje za takvo ponašanje je jednostavno. Kada bi se klopka zatvarala u potpunosti nakon samo jednog podražaja biljka bi utrošila jako puno energije a ne bi imala nikakvu garanciju da je nešto ulovila. Na taj način kada insekt po prvi put “nagazi” na dlačicu klopka se zatvara. Nakon što je sa svojim trepavicama onemogućila beg insektu on se počne nekontrolisano kretati kako bi pronašao izlaz i na taj način stimulise i ostale dlačice i signalizira biljci da nastavi sa zatvaranjem. Kada se klopka u potpunosti zatvori biljka započinje sa procesom varenja plena te izlučuje probavne enzime. Varenje insekta traje deset do petnaest dana nakon kojih se klopka otvara. U klopci ostane probavljeni insekt ukoliko biljka ne “pojede” celog, već dio koji je razgradiv.
Nakon prvog ulova sa istom klopkom isto će moći ponoviti još samo dva puta a nakon trećeg ulova klopka će pocrneti te će se osušiti.
Posebna napomena: bez obzira na to što vas klopka muholovke fascinira morate ćete vaše prste držati na distanci ne zato sto bi vas mogla ugristi već zato što ćete biljku nepotrebno izložiti stresu. Biljka svakim zatvaranjem klopke potroši veliku količinu energije koja očekuje da će joj se vratiti kada ulovi plen.
Prva stvar koju morate znati vezanu za gajenje muholovke jest to da ona nije nekakva egzotična biljka koja raste u nekakvim prašumama. Klima u kojoj Dionaea raste je jako slična našem podneblju.
Biljci je tokom leta potrebno jako puno vode i jako puno direktnog sunčevog svetla. Njeno stanište je siromašno hranjivim materijama zbog vode koja ispira tlo.
Kompost u prirodi ima i karakteristiku da je jako kiseo.
Dionaea krajem devetog meseca usporava sa rastom te se priprema za jesenje razdoblje i zimu. Razdoblje odmora neophodno je da bi biljka bila zadovoljna. Zavisno od temperature i vremenskih prilika voda se počinje smanjivati početkom jedanaestog meseca te se dodaje toliko da se kompost ne bi potpuno osušio.
Na proleće biljka će započeti sa svojim rastom i verojatno će procvetati. Cvet obično režemo kada postigne visinu od nekoliko centimetara kako bi se biljka što više koncentrisala na sopstveni rast. Posebno je važno cvet odrezati ako je biljka slaba.
Dionaea koju kupimo odmah selimo u novi kompost i u punu veću posudu.Pesak koji se koristi u kompostu za mesožderke zove se perlit.
Perlit je pesak vulkanskog porekla tretiran na specifični način kako bi se postigla poroznost njegovih zrnaca. Njegova glavna karakteristika je ta da ne deluje na hemijske karakteristike komposta.
Jedini prihvatljivi kompost je čist treset bez ikakvih dodataka. pH vrednost komposta mora biti 3,5 - 4,5. Treset se u razmeri 50%-50% meša sa perlitom kako bi se povećala prohodnost vazduha u kompostu. Drugi razlog je voda koja se u slučaju biljaka mesožderki stavlja u podmetac saksije te se voda kapilarnim putem penje do biljke. Kada ne bi koristili perlit kompost bi ostao bez vazduha a zbog pritiska vode u podmetacu kompost bi se stvrdnuo.
Za mesožderke koristimo isključivo destilisanu vodu, kišnicu ili vodu dobijenu procesom inverzne osmoze. Nema kompromisa što se ove stavke tiče.
Voda je sastavni deo staništa mesožderki. Ako nešto nije u redu sa vodom onda ni biljka neće rasti. Voda ne smije sadržavati kamenac, hlor, ili minerale. Biljkama neće ništa biti ako ih jednom ili dva put zalijemo vodom iz cesme ali dugoročno gledano biljka neće preživeti. Ako se nalazite u situaciji da nemate destilisane vode onda uzmete lonac, napunite ga vodom te pustite vodu da odstoji 24 sata pre nego što je upotrebite za zalivanje biljke.
Posebna napomena: kuvanjem vode se ništa ne postiže. Kuvanjem deo vode ispari a minerali i ostale materije štetne za biljku ostaju u vodi.
Mesožderkama treba puno svetla. Nužno je direktno sunčevo svetlo da bi biljke zadovoljno rasle. Balkon koji se nalazi na južnom delu kuće je savršen za mesožderke. Ako biljke ne dobiju dovoljno svetla sa vremenom će prestati da rastu.
Posebna napomena: Dionaea muscipula NIKAKO ne možemo držati u terarijumu. Biljci je potrebno puno sunca i vode, zato je morate držati na balkonu kako bi upila što više svetla.
Vlaga je takođe bitna stavka za neke mesožderke. Što se Dionaea muscipula-e tiče ona nije toliko bitna pa se ne morate brinuti za vlagu. Biće dovoljna ona koje se formira isparavanjem vode iz podmetaca posude.
Za mesožderke koristimo obične plastične posude kao i za ostale biljke. Treba samo paziti da su posuded duboke oko 15 centimetara a široke najmanje 10 centimetara.

Trip

ASIA
Bali:
A world apart from the unrest that sometimes grips other parts of Indonesia, Bali seduces visitors with its magnificent beaches, lush volcanic peaks and impossibly green rice paddies. This tropical island is dotted with thousands of Hindu shrines and temples.
A few dollars buys a lot of luxury here. For $10 to $20, you can bunk in a simple guesthouse or rent a beach bungalow. Even Bali's most lavish resorts cost a fraction of what you'd pay in other beach destinations. You can always afford a $20 massage to soothe your hangover the next day.
Laos:
Laos is one of the best bargains in Southeast Asia. Because tourism is only beginning to make inroads in Laos, visitors are not seen as mere revenue streams; locals extend a warm and genuine welcome.
Life moves at a languid pace in the former royal capital of Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There, French colonial architecture coexists with dozens of graceful Buddhist temples, and monks in brilliant orange robes stroll the streets. You can find an inexpensive guesthouse for less than $20 a night; open-air cafes along the Mekong River offer absurdly cheap French and Lao specialties.
If you're backpacking, set off into the rugged countryside for caving, jungle trekking and a taste of traditional village life. In Xieng Khouang province, don't miss the "Plain of Jars," a mysterious field lined with hundreds of ancient stone urns.
Vietnam:
In the colorful and chaotic cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, you can rough it for a few dollars a day, or get a comfortable room with air conditioning and hot showers for $30 a night. In any street market, a mere $1 buys a steaming bowl of pho and a cold beer.
In Halong Bay, you can kayak amid towering limestone formations; the city of Hue offers a wealth of ancient imperial sites. For tropical seclusion, head for Phu Quoc Island, where a simple beachfront bungalow (including breakfast) can be yours for only $17 to $25.
India: Rajasthan
India can be a challenging place to travel, but no other nation on earth offers such a thrilling mix of cultures, landscapes and spiritual possibilities. If you have an adventurous spirit, you can get by on less than $20 a day—but even $40 to $50 a day will land you some creature comforts and more elaborate meals.
First-time visitors might consider flying into sprawling, bustling Delhi before making a side trip to Agra's wondrous Taj Mahal. Then go off to tour the vast province of Rajasthan, with its outrageously ornate forts and palaces. Rajasthan is full of adventure, whether you dream of spotting an elusive tiger or taking a camel safari under the stars. Its cities are equally impressive. In dusty-pink Jaipur, chaotic bazaars offer unbelievable deals on jewelry, pottery, fabrics and crafts. Another key stop is the city of Jodhpur, where the rooftops sport an intense shade of cobalt blue.
AFRICA
Zambia
It's possible to book your safari after you arrive—cutting out the middleman and saving a wad of cash. You can even travel to the game parks independently.
Zambia (www.zambiatourism.com) is not just one of Africa's unheralded destinations; it's also one of the continent's best safari values. South Luangwa National Park is a magnificent preserve, with leopards, elephants, zebras, giraffes and hippos roaming free. Just outside the park, budget chalets charge under $40 a day—or even less if you're willing to camp.
Zambia is also home to another of Africa’s most stunning spectacles: Victoria Falls. The Zambian side of the thundering falls offers camping for less than $5, or you can rent a hut for $40 to $50, with meals included.
Tunisia:
Morocco used to be North Africa's hub for backpackers, but prices are now on the rise as wealthy Europeans snap up vacation properties. Today it's Tunisia (www.tourismtunisia.com) that beckons with fabulous bargains. It's a modern and secular society, where travel is surprisingly convenient.
Tunisia is a land of ornate mosques and Lawrence of Arabia desert landscapes. Bustling markets tout rugs, pottery and colorful crafts—yours for a song. Archaeological wonders await, too, from the ancient city of Carthage to glorious Roman ruins. After you explore the culture, relax on a gorgeous Mediterranean beach where basic rooms and hostel bunks go for less than $15. If you can swing $50 a day, you'll sleep comfortably and eat well.
CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA
Honduras
Costa Rica, which used to be one of the best-kept secrets in budget travel, is now home to luxury developments and thousands of tourists. Farther north, however, Honduras (www.letsgohonduras.com) is still flying under most people's radar.Like Costa Rica, this laid-back Central American nation offers a pristine rain forest that's alive with howler monkeys and multicolor birds. You'll find hiking, river rafting and impressive Mayan ruins (at Copán). The Bay Islands are home to world-class scuba diving and snorkeling along a dazzling coral reef—in fact, this is one of the cheapest and best places in the world for diving instruction. Head to Honduras. For now, $8 buys you a hearty dinner; decent budget digs go for less than $25 per night. You can spend even less if you don't mind sleeping in a hammock.
Guatemala: Window into Mayan culture
Guatemala combines natural splendor with a fascinating glimpse into Mayan culture, history and traditions. Antigua, the former capital city, is a cobblestoned gem full of colorful colonial architecture, with lush volcanoes looming in the distance. Don't miss the highland city of Chichicastenango, with its vast and colorful open-air market, or the pristine blue waters of Lake Atitlán. But the highlight for most travelers is surely Tikal: The ruins of a once-great Mayan city feature spectacular towering pyramids that rise out of the dense jungle. Wherever you go, you'll find lots of simple bungalows and homey family-run inns that host budget travelers for as little as $20 to $30 per night. In low-key local joints, you can dine for about $5; frosty beers can be had for $1.50.
Peru: Bargains from the Andes to the Amazon
Peru offers some of the most rugged and diverse scenery in South America. Real shoestring travelers can get by on $25 a day, while $50 a day will put you up in midrange hotels with style and character. Years ago, I lived in Lima, so trust me: You don't need to spend your time there. Instead, make a beeline for Cusco, a captivating colonial city high in the Andes. Though it's best known as the jumping-off point for Machu Picchu, don't overlook several other excursions that are closer to the city, like the remarkable ruins of Sacsayhuamán. If you plan on trekking to Machu Picchu, along the demanding—and sadly overcrowded—Inca Trail, you're now required to hire a guide. But you can also reach these haunting and majestic ruins via one of the most spectacular train rides on the continent.
The Amazon Basin presents a completely different face of Peru. Hostel bunks and jungle lodges are plentiful in gateway towns such as Iquitos, where boat tours reveal the diversity and wonder of the rain forest.
Argentina
Argentina has one of the few currencies that's faring even worse than the dollar.
Begin your trip in sophisticated Buenos Aires, a city of grand boulevards and tango salons. Carnivores will think they've died and gone to heaven: Parrillas (barbecue joints) offer incomparable steak dinners for $10. A bed in a hostel goes for $9, but in this town, $40 or $50 a night buys an extremely comfortable midrange hotel room. Buenos Aires is only a preview of what Argentina has to offer. The beach resort of Mar del Plata is legendary for its rollicking nightlife. The garden city of Mendoza makes a great base for touring the wine country or taking on a whitewater rafting challenge. Or fly to the ends of the earth to see the towering peaks and glaciers of Patagonia and stroll among the friendly penguin colonies at Punta Tombo.

Thursday, January 10, 2008

Yaris, Corsa, Clio

Svi modeli: Toyota Yaris, Opel Corsa i Renault Clio imaju servo upravljac.
Yaris sa klima uredjajem kosta nesto vise od 6.000 еvra.
Odrzavanje Clia II nije nista skuplje od odrzavanja Opel Corse, а cene delova za Toyotu Yaris takodje su prihvatljive.
Ukoliko se oslonite na statisticke podatke:
* Yaris је ubedljivi pobednik, јеr je najpouzdaniji,
* а iza njega је Corsa,
* dok је Clio II na zacelju, аli zato ima izuzetno povoljnu cenu.
Кada pricamo o komforu, situacija je obrnuta:
* najudobnije oslanjanje ima Clio II, koji odlicno upija neravnine sa puta,
* Corsa је tvrdja ali ima odlicno dimenzionisana prednja sedista,
* dok Yaris ima kratku sedalnu povrsinu.

Monday, January 7, 2008